Tshark is a powerful command-line alternative to Wireshark, especially useful in scenarios where efficiency, automation, and resource constraints are factors. Unlike Wireshark’s GUI, tshark excels in processing large data sets, automating repetitive tasks, and operating in headless environments, making it ideal for large-scale or automated network analysis tasks.
In an era of rapidly evolving technology, many parents who didn’t grow up with modern devices often need help navigating new advancements. When parents live far away, offering this support becomes more challenging. A secure and efficient remote access system can bridge this gap, allowing for support and troubleshooting. This guide walks through how to set up such a system using WireGuard VPN and TigerVNC, ensuring remote connections are secure and effective without sacrificing performance. In this example, the user has a Unifi Dream Machine they are using as their gateway router so the Unifi OS interface is used for the local network configuration.
OWASP Juice Shop is an intentionally vulnerable web application created by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) for security training purposes. It simulates a real-world e-commerce site, allowing users to explore and exploit various security vulnerabilities in a safe environment.
Wide Range of Vulnerabilities: Juice Shop covers the entire OWASP Top 10, as well as other common security flaws, offering a comprehensive learning experience.
User-Friendly Interface: Despite being intentionally vulnerable, the application has a realistic and user-friendly interface, making it accessible for beginners and useful for experienced testers.
Gamified Learning: It incorporates a gamification aspect where users can track their progress and achievements as they discover and exploit different vulnerabilities.
Extensive Documentation: Juice Shop comes with extensive documentation, tutorials, and guides to help users understand the vulnerabilities and learn how to mitigate them.
Open Source: As an open-source project, it encourages community contributions and is freely available for anyone to use and modify.
OWASP Top 10
Broken Access Control:
Test: Attempt to access unauthorized pages or functionalities by manipulating URLs, using different user roles, or changing request parameters.
Example: As a low-privileged user, try to access an admin page by directly entering the URL (/admin).
Cryptographic Failures:
Test: Inspect the application's use of encryption and hashing algorithms. Look for the use of weak algorithms or improper implementation.
Example: Check if sensitive data, such as passwords, are stored using weak hash functions like MD5 instead of stronger options like bcrypt.
Injection:
Test: Insert malicious code into input fields to see if it's executed by the server, for example: SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection.
Example: Enter '; DROP TABLE users; -- into a form field to test for SQL injection.
Insecure Design:
Test: Review the application architecture and design documents for security flaws. Perform threat modeling to identify design weaknesses.
Example: Assess if sensitive data is adequately protected throughout its lifecycle (e.g., encryption in transit and at rest).
Security Misconfiguration:
Test: Verify the configuration settings of servers, databases, and applications. Check for default accounts, open ports, and unnecessary services.
Example: Use tools like Nmap to scan for open ports and identify if unnecessary services are exposed.
Vulnerable and Outdated Components:
Test: Identify all third-party libraries and components used by the application. Check their versions against known vulnerabilities databases.
Example: Use tools like OWASP Dependency-Check or Snyk to scan for vulnerable dependencies.
Identification and Authentication Failures:
Test: Evaluate the authentication mechanisms. Attempt brute force attacks, session hijacking, and other techniques to bypass authentication.
Example: Test password complexity requirements and rate limits on login attempts to prevent brute force attacks.
Software and Data Integrity Failures:
Test: Check the integrity of software updates and data. Verify the use of digital signatures and other integrity mechanisms.
Example: Analyze the update mechanism to ensure updates are signed and verified before installation.
Security Logging and Monitoring Failures:
Test: Review the logging and monitoring configuration. Ensure that security events are logged and monitored properly.
Example: Attempt actions that should trigger alerts (e.g., multiple failed login attempts) and check if they are logged and generate alerts.
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF):
Test: Manipulate URLs in requests to see if the server can be tricked into fetching data from internal systems or unauthorized locations.
Example: Modify a URL parameter to access internal services (e.g., changing http://external.com/resource to http://localhost/admin).
You can run it via node.js, a Docker container, or Vagrant. See more info on their website.
Docker is a platform that allows developers to automate the deployment of applications inside lightweight, portable containers. This cheatsheet provides a quick reference to some of the most commonly used Docker commands, formatted for easy copy-pasting. Use this as a handy resource for managing your Docker containers, images, volumes, and more.
When a penetration tester gains access to a Windows target, the primary goal is to gather as much information as possible about the environment. This includes performing various awareness checks to identify potential security risks, understand the current security posture, and gather intelligence for privilege escalation or further exploitation. This guide outlines a series of checks, grouped by categories, that should be performed immediately after gaining access to a Windows system.
Gather detailed information about the system, including the operating system version, architecture, and installed patches. This information is crucial for understanding the environment and identifying potential vulnerabilities.
Audit local security policies to understand password policies, user rights assignments, and audit policies, which can provide insights into the security posture of the system.
TCP, as a fundamental protocol, offers options and mechanisms that enhance its functionality across diverse network environments. Understanding these options is crucial for network engineers, security professionals, and system administrators. This primer delves into the key TCP options, such as Maximum Segment Size (MSS), Window Scaling, and Selective Acknowledgments (SACK), as well as essential TCP features like retransmissions, congestion control, and TCP flags. Additionally, it explores the intricacies of TCP window size analysis, padding practices in TCP/UDP, and the implications of TCP options on network performance and security.
TCP provides several options that enhance its functionality and allow for fine-tuning in various network environments. Understanding these options is crucial for optimizing performance and ensuring robust communication.
The Maximum Segment Size (MSS) specifies the maximum segment size that a device is willing to accept, which directly impacts the efficiency of data transfer. MSS values typically vary based on the underlying network's Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU):
Look for forms or input fields where user data might be passed to the system. Common examples include search fields, login forms, or any other input that interacts with the backend.
Input a command that could reveal if the system is processing your input. For example, try inputting ; id or && id in the input field.
Submit the form and observe the response. If user identity information is shown in the response, you have identified a command injection vulnerability.
BeEF (Browser Exploitation Framework) is a powerful tool that allows penetration testers to assess the security of browser clients. It uses XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) vulnerabilities to hook the target's browser and control it remotely.
This setting restricts which IP addresses can be hooked by BeEF. It ensures only devices within the specified subnet are targeted, enhancing security by limiting exposure.
A local file inclusion attack is like a guest at a party discovering an unlocked door to the host's private study. Once inside, they rummage through personal files and sensitive documents, taking advantage of the unlocked door to access information not meant for them.
File inclusion vulnerabilities occur when a web application allows users to include files without proper validation. There are two types of file inclusion vulnerabilities: Local File Inclusion (LFI) and Remote File Inclusion (RFI).
Local File Inclusion (LFI): This vulnerability occurs when an attacker can include files that are already present on the server. It is typically exploited to read sensitive files such as configuration files, password files, and logs, which may contain valuable information.
Remote File Inclusion (RFI): This vulnerability occurs when an attacker can include files from remote servers. This can be used to execute malicious code hosted on an external server, potentially leading to a complete server compromise. RFI is often used when attackers do not have other means of access to the target server.
File inclusion vulnerabilities can be used for various purposes, including information disclosure, code execution, and privilege escalation.
You have been tasked with pentesting a WordPress-based web application. Your goal is to identify any vulnerabilities and demonstrate how any findings could be exploited.
File upload vulnerabilities occur when a web application fails to properly validate or sanitize user-uploaded files. This can lead to various security issues, including remote code execution, server-side script execution, and unauthorized access to sensitive data. In this walkthrough, we will explore the process of identifying file upload vulnerabilities in a fictional web application called "PhotoShare," crafting a payload using msfvenom, testing the vulnerability, and presenting the findings in a pentest report.
You have been tasked with pentesting "PhotoShare," a web application that allows users to upload and share photos. Your goal is to identify any file upload vulnerabilities and demonstrate how they can be exploited.
